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1.
Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2012; 15 (2): 76-78
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-116677

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the true prevalence of chronic motor and vocal tic disorders, and Tourette's syndrome in students as well as its comorbidity with attention deficit deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]. A random clustered sample of elementary students was selected from schools in Tabriz, Iran. Students were screened by Conner's teacher rating scale for ADHD and a detailed history from parents and teachers for the presence of any type of tic was obtained. Next, a clinical interview based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version [K-SADS-PL], and an interview with parents lead to the definitive diagnosis. A total of 1658 children were evaluated. Vocal tic was observed in 3.2% [ +/- SD = 0.02] students, and was more prevalent in boys. ADHD was diagnosed in 45.5% of these students. Motor tic was observed in 7.3% [ +/- SD = 0.02] of students. Almost half [48.1%] of these students had ADHD. Tourette's syndrome was observed in 1.3% [ +/- SD = 0.01], with a male/female ratio of 3.5:1. This is the first study to provide the prevalence of chronic tics in elementary school students in Iran. ADHD is more common among students with chronic tics and Tourette's syndrome

2.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2009; 30 (9): 1180-1185
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-102308

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the relationship between group A beta hemolytic streptococcus infection [GABHS] and tic disorders in children. This is a case-control study that was conducted in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Isfahan, Iran, between May 2008 and February 2009. Thirty-six children [aged 5-15] with tic and 36 children without tic and obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD] were investigated for clinical and laboratory signs of GABHS. The tools utilized in this research were clinical interview according to the DSM IV-TR and laboratory tests [throat culture, rapid antigen detection test [RADT], anti streptolysin O [ASO] and yale global tics severity scale [YGTSS]]. The control group was of the same gender and age as the tic group who had come to the clinic for other illnesses and was in need of blood test. None of the subjects in the case and control groups had a clinical history of GABHS infection. The relationship between tic disorder and GABHS infection [if any of these laboratory tests takes place: throat culture, RADT, ASO >/= 250] in the tic group was 16 [44.4%] and in the control group was 9 [25%], there were significant differences [p<0.05]. No significant correlation was found between ASO titer and YGTSS scores. The specificity of RADT was 100%. The result showed correlation between GABHS infection and tic disorder, but it does not mean that GABHS infection caused tic disorder


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tic Disorders/microbiology , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child
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